{"id":1427,"date":"2023-02-14T10:24:15","date_gmt":"2023-02-14T09:24:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/defis\/"},"modified":"2023-07-25T18:30:26","modified_gmt":"2023-07-25T16:30:26","slug":"defis","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/fr\/defis\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00e9fis"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background fusion-parallax-none nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:0px;--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-min-height:300px;--awb-background-image:url(&quot;https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/oper8_about_image-1.jpg&quot;);--awb-background-size:cover;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-margin-top:6%;--awb-margin-bottom:2%;--awb-background-color:var(--awb-color1);--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-end fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column fusion-flex-align-self-flex-end\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.333333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:33.333333333333%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:5.76%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:5.76%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color1);\"><h6>D\u00c9FIS<\/h6>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator\" style=\"align-self: flex-start;margin-right:auto;margin-top:1%;margin-bottom:1%;width:100%;max-width:50px;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;--awb-sep-color:var(--awb-color5);border-color:var(--awb-color5);border-top-width:2px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color1);\"><h2>Environnement, ressources naturelles et sant\u00e9 humaine<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column fusion-flex-align-self-flex-end\" style=\"--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:66.666666666667%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.88%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.88%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color8);\"><p>Bien que l&rsquo;utilisation de pesticides de synth\u00e8se en agriculture ait contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 augmenter la production alimentaire, cela n&rsquo;a pas eu lieu sans co\u00fbts pour l&rsquo;environnement, les ressources naturelles et la sant\u00e9 humaine. Les herbicides repr\u00e9sentent la deuxi\u00e8me cat\u00e9gorie la plus vendue de pesticides dans l&rsquo;UE (131 300 tonnes d&rsquo;ingr\u00e9dients actifs), soit 33 % de toutes les ventes de pesticides en 2019. Au niveau de l&rsquo;exploitation, les agriculteurs sont r\u00e9ticents \u00e0 adopter des m\u00e9thodes non chimiques en raison de leur complexit\u00e9, de leurs co\u00fbts et de leur temps d&rsquo;utilisation, ce qui entra\u00eene un d\u00e9ploiement limit\u00e9 de strat\u00e9gies alternatives pour g\u00e9rer les adventices.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-3 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-center fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_3_4 3_4 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:75%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.56%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.56%;--awb-width-medium:75%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.56%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.56%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-1 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1125\" title=\"Oper 8\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Oper8_start-image-2.jpg\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-656\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Oper8_start-image-2-200x113.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Oper8_start-image-2-400x225.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Oper8_start-image-2-600x338.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Oper8_start-image-2-800x450.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Oper8_start-image-2-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Oper8_start-image-2.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_1_4 1_4 fusion-flex-column fusion-no-small-visibility\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:25%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:7.68%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:7.68%;--awb-width-medium:25%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:7.68%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:7.68%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-2 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"1200\" title=\"Oper 8\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Oper8_start-image-6.jpg\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-662\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Oper8_start-image-6-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Oper8_start-image-6-400x600.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Oper8_start-image-6-600x900.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Oper8_start-image-6.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-4 fusion_builder_column_5_6 5_6 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:83.333333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.304%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.304%;--awb-width-medium:83.333333333333%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.304%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.304%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:3%;\"><p>Plusieurs initiatives politiques de l&rsquo;UE, notamment le Pacte vert pour l&rsquo;Europe et sa strat\u00e9gie Farm-to-fork, la Strat\u00e9gie pour la Biodiversit\u00e9, ainsi que le Plan Strat\u00e9gique de la PAC ont fix\u00e9 des objectifs et des ambitions sp\u00e9cifiques en ce qui concerne la r\u00e9duction de l&rsquo;utilisation de pesticides de synth\u00e8se. De plus, des projets de recherche innovants (par exemple, WeLaser4 et IWMPRAISE5) ont test\u00e9 des alternatives viables aux herbicides nocifs. <\/p>\n<p>Cependant, les id\u00e9es et m\u00e9thodes innovantes issues de la pratique ne sont pas suffisamment utilis\u00e9es et diss\u00e9min\u00e9es, et les r\u00e9sultats issus de la recherche ne sont pas encore pleinement mis en \u0153uvre. Selon la directive 2009\/128\/CE sur l&rsquo;utilisation durable des pesticides, peu de progr\u00e8s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9s dans la promotion de m\u00e9thodes alternatives de lutte contre les adventices, qui sont essentielles pour assurer la r\u00e9duction de la d\u00e9pendance aux pesticides.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-4 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-margin-top:1%;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-background-image:linear-gradient(180deg, var(--awb-color1) 35%,var(--awb-color2) 0%);--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-end fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-end fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-5 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:35%;--awb-margin-top-large:3%;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.4857142857143%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.4857142857143%;--awb-width-medium:35%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:5.4857142857143%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:5.4857142857143%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element fusion-no-small-visibility\" style=\"--awb-margin-bottom:15%;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-3 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" title=\"oper8_about_image-2\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/oper8_about_image-2.jpg\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-698\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/oper8_about_image-2-200x133.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/oper8_about_image-2-400x267.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/oper8_about_image-2-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/oper8_about_image-2-800x533.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/oper8_about_image-2-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/oper8_about_image-2.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-5 fusion-text-no-margin\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:left;--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-margin-bottom:3%;\"><h3>Les connaissances disponibles sont fragment\u00e9es !<\/h3>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-6 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:65%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.9538461538462%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.9538461538462%;--awb-width-medium:65%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.9538461538462%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.9538461538462%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-4 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" title=\"oper8_about_image-3\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/oper8_about_image-3.jpg\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-704\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/oper8_about_image-3-200x133.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/oper8_about_image-3-400x267.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/oper8_about_image-3-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/oper8_about_image-3-800x533.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/oper8_about_image-3-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/oper8_about_image-3.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-5 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-bottom:6%;--awb-background-color:var(--awb-color2);--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-7 fusion_builder_column_3_4 3_4 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:75%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.56%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.56%;--awb-width-medium:75%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.56%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.56%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-6 fusion-text-no-margin\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:left;--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-margin-bottom:3%;\"><p>Il appara\u00eet difficile d&rsquo;atteindre tous les acteurs concern\u00e9s. Les r\u00e9seaux AKIS de l&rsquo;UE, nationaux et r\u00e9gionaux, ne sont pas suffisamment connect\u00e9s pour permettre une bonne diss\u00e9mination entre les acteurs, principalement du fait d&rsquo;un faible transfert de connaissances. Une contrainte suppl\u00e9mentaire est la diversit\u00e9 des syst\u00e8mes de production agricole qui re\u00e7oivent diff\u00e9rents types d&rsquo;accompagnement de la part des autorit\u00e9s nationales et r\u00e9gionales, des r\u00e9seaux ruraux, des services d&rsquo;innovation et\/ou de conseil, ce qui montre que l&rsquo;utilisation de ces solutions n\u00e9cessite d&rsquo;\u00eatre adapt\u00e9 pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer la diffusion de nouvelles connaissances.<\/p>\n<\/div><div ><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-default fusion-button-default button-1 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/fr\/a-propos\/\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">En savoir plus<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"100-width.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1427","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1427","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1427"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1427\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1478,"href":"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1427\/revisions\/1478"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1427"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}