{"id":1625,"date":"2023-03-06T18:11:47","date_gmt":"2023-03-06T17:11:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/project\/control-de-especies-arvenses-no-quimico-en-vinedos\/"},"modified":"2023-07-28T10:32:57","modified_gmt":"2023-07-28T08:32:57","slug":"control-de-especies-arvenses-no-quimico-en-vinedos","status":"publish","type":"avada_portfolio","link":"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/es\/project\/control-de-especies-arvenses-no-quimico-en-vinedos\/","title":{"rendered":"Control de especies arvenses no qu\u00edmico en vi\u00f1edos"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:2%;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-center fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:42%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:4.5714285714286%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:4.5714285714286%;--awb-width-medium:42%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:4.5714285714286%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:4.5714285714286%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><h6>Italia<\/h6>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator\" style=\"align-self: flex-start;margin-right:auto;margin-top:1%;margin-bottom:1%;width:100%;max-width:35px;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;--awb-sep-color:var(--awb-color5);border-color:var(--awb-color5);border-top-width:2px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2 fusion-text-no-margin\" style=\"--awb-margin-bottom:4%;\"><h2>Control de especies arvenses no qu\u00edmico en vi\u00f1edos<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion-flex-column fusion-flex-align-self-flex-end\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:58%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.3103448275862%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.3103448275862%;--awb-width-medium:58%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:3.3103448275862%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:3.3103448275862%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3 fusion-text-no-margin\" style=\"--awb-margin-bottom:0px;\"><p>El manejo del suelo y las malezas en los vi\u00f1edos en Italia, especialmente en Toscana, se basa en tratamientos mec\u00e1nicos entre hileras y la aplicaci\u00f3n de herbicidas debajo de las hileras. Sin embargo, estas estrategias tienen un impacto negativo en la fertilidad del suelo, la conservaci\u00f3n del suelo y la biodiversidad del agroecosistema. Adem\u00e1s, la viticultura en Toscana se practica principalmente en suelos monta\u00f1osos, donde los fen\u00f3menos de erosi\u00f3n se ven aumentados por los sistemas intensivos de laboreo.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-center fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_3_4 3_4 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:75%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:0px;--awb-width-medium:75%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:0px;--awb-spacing-left-medium:0px;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-1 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1200\" title=\"Oper8 &#8211; Non-chemical weed control in vineyard\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Oper8_non-chemical-weed-control-in-vineyard_2.jpg\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-834\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Oper8_non-chemical-weed-control-in-vineyard_2-200x120.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Oper8_non-chemical-weed-control-in-vineyard_2-400x240.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Oper8_non-chemical-weed-control-in-vineyard_2-600x360.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Oper8_non-chemical-weed-control-in-vineyard_2-800x480.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Oper8_non-chemical-weed-control-in-vineyard_2-1200x720.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Oper8_non-chemical-weed-control-in-vineyard_2.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_1_4 1_4 fusion-flex-column fusion-no-small-visibility\" style=\"--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:25%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:0%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:25%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:0%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:3.84%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-margin-bottom:2%;--awb-max-width:200px;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-2 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"417\" height=\"227\" title=\"Go Ioconciv\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Go-ioconciv_logotype.png\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-846\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Go-ioconciv_logotype-200x109.png 200w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Go-ioconciv_logotype-400x218.png 400w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Go-ioconciv_logotype.png 417w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-3 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"1200\" title=\"Oper8 &#8211; Non-chemical weed control in vineyard\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Oper8_non-chemical-weed-control-in-vineyard_6.jpg\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-858\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Oper8_non-chemical-weed-control-in-vineyard_6-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Oper8_non-chemical-weed-control-in-vineyard_6-400x600.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Oper8_non-chemical-weed-control-in-vineyard_6-600x900.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Oper8_non-chemical-weed-control-in-vineyard_6.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-3 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-margin-top:2%;--awb-margin-bottom:4%;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-center fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-4 fusion-flex-column fusion-flex-align-self-flex-end\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:90%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.1333333333333%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.1333333333333%;--awb-width-medium:90%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.1333333333333%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.1333333333333%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4 fusion-text-no-margin\" style=\"--awb-margin-bottom:0px;\"><p>El objetivo principal de OG-IOCONCIV es reducir la aplicaci\u00f3n de herbicidas y aumentar la fertilidad del suelo mediante la promoci\u00f3n y evaluaci\u00f3n de formas alternativas y sostenibles de manejar el espacio entre hileras y dentro de las hileras en los vi\u00f1edos. El uso de cultivos de cobertura puede ser una soluci\u00f3n alternativa para el manejo del suelo y las especies arvenses que podr\u00eda mejorar la sostenibilidad de la viticultura convencional y org\u00e1nica. De hecho, los cultivos de cobertura pueden brindar importantes servicios al agroecosistema, como mejorar la fertilidad del suelo, reducir la erosi\u00f3n del suelo y la presencia de malezas, aumentar la incorporaci\u00f3n de carbono y nitr\u00f3geno y promover la biodiversidad.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-4 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-margin-top:1%;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-background-image:linear-gradient(180deg, var(--awb-color1) 35%,var(--awb-color2) 0%);--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-end fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-end fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-5 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:35%;--awb-margin-top-large:3%;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.4857142857143%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.4857142857143%;--awb-width-medium:35%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:5.4857142857143%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:5.4857142857143%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element fusion-no-small-visibility\" style=\"--awb-margin-bottom:15%;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-4 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1200\" title=\"Oper8 &#8211; Non-chemical weed control in vineyard\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Oper8_non-chemical-weed-control-in-vineyard_8.jpg\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-870\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Oper8_non-chemical-weed-control-in-vineyard_8-200x120.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Oper8_non-chemical-weed-control-in-vineyard_8-400x240.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Oper8_non-chemical-weed-control-in-vineyard_8-600x360.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Oper8_non-chemical-weed-control-in-vineyard_8-800x480.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Oper8_non-chemical-weed-control-in-vineyard_8-1200x720.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Oper8_non-chemical-weed-control-in-vineyard_8.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-5 fusion-text-no-margin\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:left;--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-margin-bottom:0px;\"><h3>\u00bfCu\u00e1l es la innovaci\u00f3n propuesta por OG-IOCONCIV?<\/h3>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-6 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:65%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.9538461538462%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.9538461538462%;--awb-width-medium:65%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.9538461538462%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.9538461538462%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-5 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1200\" title=\"Oper8 &#8211; Non-chemical weed control in vineyard\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Oper8_non-chemical-weed-control-in-vineyard_9.jpg\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-852\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Oper8_non-chemical-weed-control-in-vineyard_9-200x120.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Oper8_non-chemical-weed-control-in-vineyard_9-400x240.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Oper8_non-chemical-weed-control-in-vineyard_9-600x360.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Oper8_non-chemical-weed-control-in-vineyard_9-800x480.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Oper8_non-chemical-weed-control-in-vineyard_9-1200x720.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Oper8_non-chemical-weed-control-in-vineyard_9.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-5 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-bottom:2%;--awb-background-color:var(--awb-color2);--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-7 fusion_builder_column_3_4 3_4 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:75%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.56%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.56%;--awb-width-medium:75%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.56%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.56%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-6\"><p>La innovaci\u00f3n propuesta por el GO consiste en introducir un cultivo de cobertura que se resiembra autom\u00e1ticamente debajo de las hileras, combinado con una mezcla de cultivos de cobertura sembrada en las hileras intercaladas, para reducir la aplicaci\u00f3n de herbicidas y la intensidad del laboreo.<\/p>\n<p>En particular, el proceso innovador implica sembrar tr\u00e9bol subterr\u00e1neo a finales del verano\/principios del oto\u00f1o debajo de las hileras (una vez cada 3 o 4 a\u00f1os) y dejar que crezca hasta finales de primavera\/principios del verano, cuando el tr\u00e9bol muere y libera las semillas directamente en el suelo mediante la geocarpia. De esta manera, la biomasa del tr\u00e9bol cubrir\u00e1 el suelo en oto\u00f1o, invierno y primavera como cobertura viva, y en verano como cobertura muerta, sin competir en absoluto con las vides por agua y nutrientes. A finales del verano, las semillas del tr\u00e9bol germinar\u00e1n espont\u00e1neamente y se iniciar\u00e1 un nuevo ciclo biol\u00f3gico debajo de las hileras, con beneficios en t\u00e9rminos de reducci\u00f3n de la emergencia de malezas y mejora de la fertilidad del suelo (por aumento\/conservaci\u00f3n de la materia org\u00e1nica, reducci\u00f3n de la erosi\u00f3n del suelo y aumento de la disponibilidad de N).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-6 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top-small:8%;--awb-padding-bottom-small:10%;--awb-background-color:rgba(25,76,39,0);--awb-background-image:linear-gradient(180deg, var(--awb-color2) 90%,rgba(255,255,255,0) 100%);--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-center fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-end fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-8 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-bg-color:rgba(25,76,39,0);--awb-bg-color-hover:rgba(25,76,39,0);--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:40%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:0px;--awb-width-medium:40%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:0px;--awb-spacing-left-medium:0px;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:3.84%;--awb-spacing-left-small:3.84%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-6 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" title=\"Oper8 &#8211; Non-chemical weed control in vineyard\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Oper8_non-chemical-weed-control-in-vineyard_7.jpg\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-864\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Oper8_non-chemical-weed-control-in-vineyard_7-200x150.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Oper8_non-chemical-weed-control-in-vineyard_7-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Oper8_non-chemical-weed-control-in-vineyard_7-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Oper8_non-chemical-weed-control-in-vineyard_7-800x600.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Oper8_non-chemical-weed-control-in-vineyard_7-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Oper8_non-chemical-weed-control-in-vineyard_7.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-7\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color1);\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-9 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:6%;--awb-padding-right:4%;--awb-padding-bottom:6%;--awb-padding-left:4%;--awb-bg-color:var(--awb-color5);--awb-bg-color-hover:var(--awb-color5);--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:60%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:0px;--awb-width-medium:60%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:0px;--awb-spacing-left-medium:0px;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-8 fusion-text-no-margin\" style=\"--awb-margin-bottom:2%;\"><h4><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Las pruebas experimentales incluyeron la comparaci\u00f3n entre tres tratamientos diferentes del suelo:<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-9\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color1);\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-10 fusion-text-no-margin\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color1);--awb-margin-bottom:4%;\"><p>Estos tratamientos se probaron en dos explotaciones convencionales y dos org\u00e1nicas en la provincia de Pisa, Toscana, durante cuatro a\u00f1os (de 2019 a 2022).<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-11 fusion-text-no-margin\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color1);--awb-margin-bottom:4%;\"><p><strong>1.) Control labrado<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2.) Cobertura permanente solo en la hilera y suelo labrado en el espacio entre hileras<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>3.) Cobertura permanente en toda la superficie del vi\u00f1edo<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>(tr\u00e9bol subterr\u00e1neo en la hilera y una mezcla de especies en el espacio entre hileras)<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-7 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-margin-top:2%;--awb-margin-bottom:2%;--awb-background-color:var(--awb-color1);--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-10 fusion_builder_column_3_4 3_4 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:75%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.56%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.56%;--awb-width-medium:75%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.56%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.56%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-12\"><p>En general, el tr\u00e9bol subterr\u00e1neo ha demostrado ser una especie competitiva contra las malezas y la cobertura permanente ha influido en la cantidad y calidad de la producci\u00f3n de uva, obteniendo rendimientos m\u00e1s altos y un mayor contenido de nitr\u00f3geno en las bayas. Esta soluci\u00f3n podr\u00eda ser una forma alternativa y sostenible de manejar los suelos y las malezas en los vi\u00f1edos, reduciendo tambi\u00e9n el impacto ambiental y los costes de producci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p>En el futuro, ser\u00e1 interesante trabajar en un obst\u00e1culo identificado para la t\u00e9cnica innovadora, es decir, la t\u00e9cnica de siembra del tr\u00e9bol. Durante el proyecto, se desarroll\u00f3 un prototipo de m\u00e1quina de siembra mec\u00e1nica capaz de sembrar los diferentes cultivos de cobertura en los espacios entre las hileras y dentro de las hileras, pero mostr\u00f3 algunas limitaciones en la distribuci\u00f3n de las semillas. Ser\u00eda necesario adaptar y mejorar el prototipo de sembradora y colaborar con los agricultores para investigar la mejor elecci\u00f3n de cultivares de tr\u00e9bol y otras especies de cultivos seg\u00fan las necesidades espec\u00edficas. <\/p>\n<\/div><div ><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-default fusion-button-default button-1 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:4%;\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ioconciv.it\/progetto\/\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">GO &#8211; SITIO WEB DE IOCONCIV<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-11 fusion_builder_column_1_4 1_4 fusion-flex-column fusion-flex-align-self-flex-start\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:8%;--awb-padding-right:6%;--awb-padding-bottom:8%;--awb-padding-left:6%;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-border-color:var(--awb-color5);--awb-border-top:2px;--awb-border-right:2px;--awb-border-bottom:2px;--awb-border-left:2px;--awb-border-style:solid;--awb-width-large:25%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:7.68%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:7.68%;--awb-width-medium:25%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:7.68%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:7.68%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-13 fusion-text-no-margin\" style=\"--awb-margin-bottom:6%;\"><h5>Explotaciones agr\u00edcolas en nuestro proyecto:<\/h5>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-14 fusion-text-no-margin\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:2%;\"><p>&#8211; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.poderespazzavento.it\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Podere Spazzavento <\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-15 fusion-text-no-margin\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:2%;\"><p>&#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.monterosola.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tenuta Monterosola <\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-16 fusion-text-no-margin\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:2%;\"><p>&#8211; Azienda Agricola La vite- Gini<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-17 fusion-text-no-margin\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;\"><p>&#8211; Azienda Agricola Bellesi Alberto<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-18\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-8 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:4%;--awb-padding-bottom:2%;--awb-margin-top:6%;--awb-background-color:var(--awb-color2);--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-12 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:50%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:3.84%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:3.84%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-19\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:center;\"><h6>Profesor asociado<\/h6>\n<p><strong>Prof. Daniele Antichi, PhD<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>CiRAA \u00abEnrico Avanzi\u00bb, University of Pisa<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><a class=\"fb-icon-element-1 fb-icon-element fontawesome-icon fa-envelope fas circle-yes fusion-link\" style=\"--awb-circlecolor-hover:var(--awb-color5);--awb-circlebordercolor-hover:var(--awb-color8);--awb-circlebordersize:1px;--awb-font-size:14.08px;--awb-width:28.16px;--awb-height:28.16px;--awb-line-height:26.16px;--awb-margin-top:0;--awb-margin-right:0;--awb-margin-bottom:0;--awb-margin-left:0;--awb-align-self:center;\" href=\"mailto:daniele.antichi@unipi.it\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Link to mailto:daniele.antichi@unipi.it\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-13 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:50%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:3.84%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:3.84%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-20\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:center;\"><h6>Profesor asociado<\/h6>\n<p><strong>Prof. Christian Frasconi, Ph.D.<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>CiRAA \u00abEnrico Avanzi\u00bb, University of Pisa<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><a class=\"fb-icon-element-2 fb-icon-element fontawesome-icon fa-envelope fas circle-yes fusion-link\" style=\"--awb-circlecolor-hover:var(--awb-color5);--awb-circlebordercolor-hover:var(--awb-color8);--awb-circlebordersize:1px;--awb-font-size:14.08px;--awb-width:28.16px;--awb-height:28.16px;--awb-line-height:26.16px;--awb-margin-top:0;--awb-margin-right:0;--awb-margin-bottom:0;--awb-margin-left:0;--awb-align-self:center;\" href=\"mailto:christian.frasconi@unipi.it\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Link to mailto:christian.frasconi@unipi.it\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>El manejo del suelo y las malezas en los vi\u00f1edos en Italia, especialmente en Toscana, se basa en tratamientos mec\u00e1nicos entre hileras y la aplicaci\u00f3n de herbicidas debajo de las hileras.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":822,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"portfolio_category":[92],"portfolio_skills":[],"portfolio_tags":[93],"class_list":["post-1625","avada_portfolio","type-avada_portfolio","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","portfolio_category-italia-es","portfolio_tags-italia-es"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/avada_portfolio\/1625","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/avada_portfolio"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/avada_portfolio"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1625"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/avada_portfolio\/1625\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1627,"href":"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/avada_portfolio\/1625\/revisions\/1627"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/822"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1625"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"portfolio_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/portfolio_category?post=1625"},{"taxonomy":"portfolio_skills","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/portfolio_skills?post=1625"},{"taxonomy":"portfolio_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/portfolio_tags?post=1625"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}