{"id":1619,"date":"2023-03-20T14:11:33","date_gmt":"2023-03-20T13:11:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/project\/cultivos-de-cobertura-experimental-entre-las-hileras-de-vinedos-y-arboles-frutales\/"},"modified":"2023-07-28T10:25:31","modified_gmt":"2023-07-28T08:25:31","slug":"cultivos-de-cobertura-experimental-entre-las-hileras-de-vinedos-y-arboles-frutales","status":"publish","type":"avada_portfolio","link":"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/es\/project\/cultivos-de-cobertura-experimental-entre-las-hileras-de-vinedos-y-arboles-frutales\/","title":{"rendered":"Cultivos de cobertura experimental entre las hileras de vi\u00f1edos y \u00e1rboles frutales"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:2%;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-center fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:42%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:4.5714285714286%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:4.5714285714286%;--awb-width-medium:42%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:4.5714285714286%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:4.5714285714286%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><h6>Francia<\/h6>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator\" style=\"align-self: flex-start;margin-right:auto;margin-top:1%;margin-bottom:1%;width:100%;max-width:35px;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;--awb-sep-color:var(--awb-color5);border-color:var(--awb-color5);border-top-width:2px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2 fusion-text-no-margin\" style=\"--awb-margin-bottom:4%;\"><h2>Cultivos de cobertura experimental entre las hileras de vi\u00f1edos y \u00e1rboles frutales<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion-flex-column fusion-flex-align-self-flex-end\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:58%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.3103448275862%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.3103448275862%;--awb-width-medium:58%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:3.3103448275862%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:3.3103448275862%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3 fusion-text-no-margin\" style=\"--awb-margin-bottom:0px;\"><p>El objetivo de este proyecto fue desarrollar t\u00e9cnicas innovadoras no qu\u00edmicas en respuesta a la creciente conciencia de la comunidad de viticultores sobre la protecci\u00f3n del suelo. Cada vez m\u00e1s agricultores buscaban soluciones naturales que garantizaran una buena calidad y conservaci\u00f3n en su estrategia de manejo del suelo y las especies arvenses. El proyecto se llev\u00f3 a cabo principalmente en vi\u00f1edos, pero tambi\u00e9n en \u00e1rboles frutales. Los cultivos de c\u00e9sped y cobertura previenen la erosi\u00f3n del suelo y reducen la p\u00e9rdida por evaporaci\u00f3n. Sin embargo, los cultivos de cobertura tambi\u00e9n pueden generar competencia con las plantas de vid o los \u00e1rboles frutales al utilizar los mismos recursos del suelo para crecer (agua, nutrientes, etc.).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-center fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_3_4 3_4 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:75%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:0px;--awb-width-medium:75%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:0px;--awb-spacing-left-medium:0px;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-1 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1200\" title=\"Oper8 &#8211; Experimental cover crops under the rows of grapevines and fruit trees\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Oper8_experimental-cover-crops-under-the-rows-of-grapevines-and-fruit-trees_1.jpg\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-882\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Oper8_experimental-cover-crops-under-the-rows-of-grapevines-and-fruit-trees_1-200x120.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Oper8_experimental-cover-crops-under-the-rows-of-grapevines-and-fruit-trees_1-400x240.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Oper8_experimental-cover-crops-under-the-rows-of-grapevines-and-fruit-trees_1-600x360.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Oper8_experimental-cover-crops-under-the-rows-of-grapevines-and-fruit-trees_1-800x480.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Oper8_experimental-cover-crops-under-the-rows-of-grapevines-and-fruit-trees_1-1200x720.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Oper8_experimental-cover-crops-under-the-rows-of-grapevines-and-fruit-trees_1.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_1_4 1_4 fusion-flex-column fusion-no-small-visibility\" style=\"--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:25%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:0%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:25%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:0%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:3.84%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element awb-imageframe-style awb-imageframe-style-below awb-imageframe-style-2\" style=\"--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-caption-title-color:rgba(20,22,23,0.4);--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h6_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h6_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h6_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h6_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:capitalize;--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h6_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h6_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-2 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"1200\" title=\"Oper8 &#8211; Experimental cover crops under the rows of grapevines and fruit trees\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Oper8_experimental-cover-crops-under-the-rows-of-grapevines-and-fruit-trees_2.jpg\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-888\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Oper8_experimental-cover-crops-under-the-rows-of-grapevines-and-fruit-trees_2-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Oper8_experimental-cover-crops-under-the-rows-of-grapevines-and-fruit-trees_2-400x600.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Oper8_experimental-cover-crops-under-the-rows-of-grapevines-and-fruit-trees_2-600x900.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Oper8_experimental-cover-crops-under-the-rows-of-grapevines-and-fruit-trees_2.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/span><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-container\" style=\"text-align:right;\"><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption\"><h6 class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-title\">Xavier Delpuech<\/h6><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-3 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-margin-top:2%;--awb-margin-bottom:4%;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-4 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\"><p>El Grupo Operativo (GO) del proyecto de cero herbicidas fue liderado por el instituto franc\u00e9s de la vi\u00f1a y el vino (IFV), en colaboraci\u00f3n con las C\u00e1maras de Agricultura de las regiones mediterr\u00e1neas: Gard, H\u00e9rault, Aude y Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es-Orientales, y con el centro de investigaci\u00f3n Sudexp\u00e9, que realiza experimentos sobre t\u00e9cnicas de cultivo en frutas y verduras en el sur de Francia.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-4 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top-small:8%;--awb-padding-bottom-small:10%;--awb-background-color:rgba(25,76,39,0);--awb-background-image:linear-gradient(180deg, var(--awb-color2) 90%,rgba(255,255,255,0) 100%);--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-center fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-end fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-5 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-bg-color:rgba(25,76,39,0);--awb-bg-color-hover:rgba(25,76,39,0);--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:40%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:0px;--awb-width-medium:40%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:0px;--awb-spacing-left-medium:0px;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:3.84%;--awb-spacing-left-small:3.84%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element awb-imageframe-style awb-imageframe-style-below awb-imageframe-style-3\" style=\"--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-caption-title-color:rgba(20,22,23,0.4);--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h6_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h6_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h6_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h6_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:capitalize;--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h6_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h6_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-3 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" alt=\"Xavier Delpuech\" title=\"Oper8 &#8211; Experimental cover crops under the rows of grapevines and fruit trees\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Oper8_experimental-cover-crops-under-the-rows-of-grapevines-and-fruit-trees_3.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-894\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Oper8_experimental-cover-crops-under-the-rows-of-grapevines-and-fruit-trees_3-200x150.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Oper8_experimental-cover-crops-under-the-rows-of-grapevines-and-fruit-trees_3-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Oper8_experimental-cover-crops-under-the-rows-of-grapevines-and-fruit-trees_3-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Oper8_experimental-cover-crops-under-the-rows-of-grapevines-and-fruit-trees_3-800x600.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Oper8_experimental-cover-crops-under-the-rows-of-grapevines-and-fruit-trees_3-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Oper8_experimental-cover-crops-under-the-rows-of-grapevines-and-fruit-trees_3.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/><\/span><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-container\" style=\"text-align:left;\"><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption\"><h6 class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-title\">Xavier Delpuech<\/h6><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-5\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color1);\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-6 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:6%;--awb-padding-right:4%;--awb-padding-bottom:6%;--awb-padding-left:4%;--awb-bg-color:var(--awb-color5);--awb-bg-color-hover:var(--awb-color5);--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:60%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:0px;--awb-width-medium:60%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:0px;--awb-spacing-left-medium:0px;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-6 fusion-text-no-margin\" style=\"--awb-margin-bottom:4%;\"><h4><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">El proyecto de cero herbicidas para apoyar a las explotaciones vit\u00edcolas en la reducci\u00f3n del uso de herbicidas. Grupo Operativo 2015-2019.<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-7\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color1);\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-8 fusion-text-no-margin\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color1);--awb-margin-bottom:4%;\"><p>En las regiones mediterr\u00e1neas, la competencia por el agua es un tema importante y los cultivos de cobertura representan un verdadero desaf\u00edo para los agricultores que buscan un control alternativo de las especies arvenses. Centr\u00e1ndose en el \u00e1rea intrafila, este proyecto experiment\u00f3 con diferentes especies y combinaciones de cultivos de cobertura, m\u00e9todos de implementaci\u00f3n de los cultivos de cobertura en la fila y la medici\u00f3n de la competencia entre las vides, las especies arvenses y las especies de cultivos de cobertura. El objetivo es tener cultivos de cobertura que cubran el suelo tanto como sea posible, con una tasa de competencia limitada por el agua y los nutrientes, y con una altura limitada para evitar la superposici\u00f3n vertical con las uvas y hojas de la vid, y para evitar la necesidad de segados frecuentes. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-5 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-margin-top:2%;--awb-margin-bottom:4%;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-7 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-9\"><p>Cubrir el \u00e1rea entre las filas permite una cobertura del suelo del 20% al 30%. En suelos profundos, agregar 1 de cada 2 filas intermedias con cultivos de cobertura permite alcanzar aproximadamente el 70% de cobertura del suelo, pero la competencia por el agua y los nutrientes (nitr\u00f3geno, etc.) puede afectar la vigorosidad y fortaleza y requerir fertilizaci\u00f3n y reducci\u00f3n del ancho de los cultivos de cobertura. Sin embargo, en condiciones mediterr\u00e1neas, no se recomienda una cobertura completa.<\/p>\n<p>Los experimentos se realizaron en el \u00e1rea entre las filas. Los cultivos de cobertura solo se segaron, evitando as\u00ed la destrucci\u00f3n mec\u00e1nica o qu\u00edmica en esta \u00e1rea. Las filas intermedias fueron labradas durante el per\u00edodo de crecimiento. Los socios del grupo operativo desarrollaron cultivos de cobertura bajo las filas de vi\u00f1as y \u00e1rboles frutales (intrafila) con una combinaci\u00f3n de diferentes especies, espont\u00e1neas, plantadas o sembradas. Se probaron algunas herramientas para el manejo del \u00e1rea cubierta entre las filas.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-6 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:6%;--awb-margin-top:6%;--awb-margin-bottom:6%;--awb-background-image:linear-gradient(180deg, var(--awb-color2) 0%,var(--awb-color1) 100%);--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-center fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-8 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-10\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:left;\"><h3>A continuaci\u00f3n se presentan algunos resultados generales:<\/h3>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-9 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-color:var(--awb-color1);--awb-bg-color-hover:var(--awb-color1);--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:50%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:0px;--awb-spacing-left-medium:3.84%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:1;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-4 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" title=\"Oper8 &#8211; Experimental cover crops under the rows of grapevines and fruit trees\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Oper8_experimental-cover-crops-under-the-rows-of-grapevines-and-fruit-trees-1.jpg\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-1056\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Oper8_experimental-cover-crops-under-the-rows-of-grapevines-and-fruit-trees-1-200x150.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Oper8_experimental-cover-crops-under-the-rows-of-grapevines-and-fruit-trees-1-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Oper8_experimental-cover-crops-under-the-rows-of-grapevines-and-fruit-trees-1-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Oper8_experimental-cover-crops-under-the-rows-of-grapevines-and-fruit-trees-1-800x600.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Oper8_experimental-cover-crops-under-the-rows-of-grapevines-and-fruit-trees-1-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Oper8_experimental-cover-crops-under-the-rows-of-grapevines-and-fruit-trees-1.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-10 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-color:rgba(255,255,255,0);--awb-bg-color-hover:rgba(255,255,255,0);--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:50%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:3.84%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:3.84%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:2;--awb-margin-top-small:3%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-small:5%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-11 fusion-text-no-margin\" style=\"--awb-margin-bottom:2%;\"><h4>Resultados de las mediciones de competencia<\/h4>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-12\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color8);\"><ul>\n<li>Puede haber una ligera competencia por el agua.<\/li>\n<li>Hay competencia por el nitr\u00f3geno, pero es posible prevenirla utilizando especies leguminosas.<\/li>\n<li>La p\u00e9rdida de rendimiento es limitada, excepto en suelos muy superficiales o durante sequ\u00edas severas en verano.<\/li>\n<li>Los suelos superficiales se ven m\u00e1s afectados que los suelos m\u00e1s profundos: no se recomienda implementar cultivos de cobertura permanentes en estas situaciones.<\/li>\n<li>Despu\u00e9s de 4-5 a\u00f1os, las especies arvenses espont\u00e1neas se benefician en comparaci\u00f3n con los cultivos de cobertura. Para especies de cultivos de cobertura con una competencia muy baja, esto puede ocurrir en aproximadamente 2-3 a\u00f1os.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-11 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-color:rgba(255,255,255,0);--awb-bg-color-hover:rgba(255,255,255,0);--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:50%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:3.84%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:3.84%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:4;--awb-margin-top-small:3%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-small:5%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-13 fusion-text-no-margin\" style=\"--awb-margin-bottom:2%;\"><h4>Cultivos de cobertura sembrados entre las filas<\/h4>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-14\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color8);\"><ul>\n<li>Los cultivos de cobertura son una interesante alternativa para el control de especies arvenses. Seg\u00fan la elecci\u00f3n de las especies, se pueden obtener diferentes tasas de cobertura, alturas de cultivos de cobertura y tasas de competencia.<\/li>\n<li>Problemas t\u00e9cnicos pendientes: la siembra entre filas es complicada y puede ser costosa; la siembra no siempre funciona; los cultivos de cobertura duran unos pocos a\u00f1os antes de que las especies arvenses espont\u00e1neas tomen ventaja.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-12 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-color:var(--awb-color1);--awb-bg-color-hover:var(--awb-color1);--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:0px;--awb-width-medium:50%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:3.84%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:0px;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:3;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-5 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" title=\"Oper8 &#8211; Experimental cover crops under the rows of grapevines and fruit trees\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Oper8_experimental-cover-crops-under-the-rows-of-grapevines-and-fruit-trees-2.jpg\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-1050\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Oper8_experimental-cover-crops-under-the-rows-of-grapevines-and-fruit-trees-2-200x150.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Oper8_experimental-cover-crops-under-the-rows-of-grapevines-and-fruit-trees-2-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Oper8_experimental-cover-crops-under-the-rows-of-grapevines-and-fruit-trees-2-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Oper8_experimental-cover-crops-under-the-rows-of-grapevines-and-fruit-trees-2-800x600.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Oper8_experimental-cover-crops-under-the-rows-of-grapevines-and-fruit-trees-2-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Oper8_experimental-cover-crops-under-the-rows-of-grapevines-and-fruit-trees-2.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-13 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-color:var(--awb-color1);--awb-bg-color-hover:var(--awb-color1);--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:50%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:0px;--awb-spacing-left-medium:3.84%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:5;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-6 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" title=\"Oper8 &#8211; Experimental cover crops under the rows of grapevines and fruit trees\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Oper8_experimental-cover-crops-under-the-rows-of-grapevines-and-fruit-trees-3.jpg\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-1044\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Oper8_experimental-cover-crops-under-the-rows-of-grapevines-and-fruit-trees-3-200x150.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Oper8_experimental-cover-crops-under-the-rows-of-grapevines-and-fruit-trees-3-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Oper8_experimental-cover-crops-under-the-rows-of-grapevines-and-fruit-trees-3-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Oper8_experimental-cover-crops-under-the-rows-of-grapevines-and-fruit-trees-3-800x600.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Oper8_experimental-cover-crops-under-the-rows-of-grapevines-and-fruit-trees-3-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Oper8_experimental-cover-crops-under-the-rows-of-grapevines-and-fruit-trees-3.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-14 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-color:rgba(255,255,255,0);--awb-bg-color-hover:rgba(255,255,255,0);--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:50%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:3.84%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:3.84%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:6;--awb-margin-top-small:3%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-small:5%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-15 fusion-text-no-margin\" style=\"--awb-margin-bottom:2%;\"><h4>Cultivos de cobertura espont\u00e1neos entre las filas<\/h4>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-16\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color8);\"><ul>\n<li>Los cultivos de cobertura espont\u00e1neos se adaptan naturalmente al suelo y al clima.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Problema:<\/strong> no hay control sobre las especies de cultivos de cobertura espont\u00e1neos en cuanto a altura, tasa de cobertura del suelo y competencia con las vides.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-7 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-margin-top:2%;--awb-margin-bottom:4%;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-15 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-17\"><p>Los cultivos de cobertura entre las filas son una alternativa para el control de especies arvenses. La competencia puede ser gestionada en funci\u00f3n del ancho del \u00e1rea de cultivo de cobertura y con una elecci\u00f3n coherente de las especies de cultivo de cobertura.<br \/>\nSe produjo un folleto de presentaci\u00f3n sobre aspectos t\u00e9cnicos en franc\u00e9s y se grabaron varios videos para una amplia difusi\u00f3n de los resultados. Los resultados tambi\u00e9n se presentaron durante conferencias t\u00e9cnicas.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":876,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"portfolio_category":[90],"portfolio_skills":[],"portfolio_tags":[],"class_list":["post-1619","avada_portfolio","type-avada_portfolio","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","portfolio_category-francia-es"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/avada_portfolio\/1619","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/avada_portfolio"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/avada_portfolio"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1619"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/avada_portfolio\/1619\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1621,"href":"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/avada_portfolio\/1619\/revisions\/1621"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/876"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1619"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"portfolio_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/portfolio_category?post=1619"},{"taxonomy":"portfolio_skills","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/portfolio_skills?post=1619"},{"taxonomy":"portfolio_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oper-8.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/portfolio_tags?post=1619"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}